✅什么是自适应限流？
典型回答
所谓自适应限流，就是限流器结合服务器实例的Load、CPU、内存、接口的RT、QP、并发线程数等指标，进行的一种自适应的流控策略。即通过监控这些指标的变化，来动态的调整限流，来达到保证系统稳定性的目的。
这种思想也有很多其他的应用，比如自适应扩容，也是根据机器的Load，CPU等情况，进行动态的扩容等。
其实主要就是要给系统定义一个基线，或者水位，一旦这些指标达到了水位之上，比如CPU利用率超过60%，那么就开启自适应限流，通过限流的方式来保护系统不被打垮。
著名的Sentinal限流框架就支持自适应限流，目前他支持以下的阈值类型：
- Load（仅对 Linux/Unix-like 机器生效）：当系统 load1 超过阈值，且系统当前的并发线程数超过系统容量时才会触发系统保护。系统容量由系统的 maxQps * minRt 计算得出。设定参考值一般是 CPU cores * 2.5。
- CPU usage（1.5.0+ 版本）：当系统 CPU 使用率超过阈值即触发系统保护（取值范围 0.0-1.0）。
- RT：当单台机器上所有入口流量的平均 RT 达到阈值即触发系统保护，单位是毫秒。
- 线程数：当单台机器上所有入口流量的并发线程数达到阈值即触发系统保护。
- 入口 QPS：当单台机器上所有入口流量的 QPS 达到阈值即触发系统保护。
以下是Sentinal给的一个自适应限流的示例，供参考：
/*
* Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.demo.system;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.util.TimeUtil;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.Entry;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.EntryType;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.SphU;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.system.SystemRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.system.SystemRuleManager;
/**
* @author jialiang.linjl
*/
public class SystemGuardDemo {
private static AtomicInteger pass = new AtomicInteger();
private static AtomicInteger block = new AtomicInteger();
private static AtomicInteger total = new AtomicInteger();
private static volatile boolean stop = false;
private static final int threadCount = 100;
private static int seconds = 60 + 40;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
tick();
initSystemRule();
for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
Thread entryThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
Entry entry = null;
try {
entry = SphU.entry("methodA", EntryType.IN);
pass.incrementAndGet();
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(20);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// ignore
}
} catch (BlockException e1) {
block.incrementAndGet();
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(20);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// ignore
}
} catch (Exception e2) {
// biz exception
} finally {
total.incrementAndGet();
if (entry != null) {
entry.exit();
}
}
}
}
});
entryThread.setName("working-thread");
entryThread.start();
}
}
private static void initSystemRule() {
SystemRule rule = new SystemRule();
// max load is 3
rule.setHighestSystemLoad(3.0);
// max cpu usage is 60%
rule.setHighestCpuUsage(0.6);
// max avg rt of all request is 10 ms
rule.setAvgRt(10);
// max total qps is 20
rule.setQps(20);
// max parallel working thread is 10
rule.setMaxThread(10);
SystemRuleManager.loadRules(Collections.singletonList(rule));
}
private static void tick() {
Thread timer = new Thread(new TimerTask());
timer.setName("sentinel-timer-task");
timer.start();
}
static class TimerTask implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("begin to statistic!!!");
long oldTotal = 0;
long oldPass = 0;
long oldBlock = 0;
while (!stop) {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
long globalTotal = total.get();
long oneSecondTotal = globalTotal - oldTotal;
oldTotal = globalTotal;
long globalPass = pass.get();
long oneSecondPass = globalPass - oldPass;
oldPass = globalPass;
long globalBlock = block.get();
long oneSecondBlock = globalBlock - oldBlock;
oldBlock = globalBlock;
System.out.println(seconds + ", " + TimeUtil.currentTimeMillis() + ", total:"
+ oneSecondTotal + ", pass:"
+ oneSecondPass + ", block:" + oneSecondBlock);
if (seconds-- <= 0) {
stop = true;
}
}
System.exit(0);
}
}
}